[28][29], His original name was Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus. [33] Cassius Dio and the writers of the Augustan History say that Commodus was a skilled archer, who could shoot the heads off ostriches in full gallop, and kill a panther as it attacked a victim in the arena. Yet another attempt on his life had been foiled, but the conspirators did not lose their nerve. Als besonders skandals empfand man die Beziehung zwischen Eppia, einer Frau aus reicher Familie, die Senatorengattin war, und dem Gladiator Sergiolus. As Edward Gibbon noted in his famous Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in the intervening years between the death of Domitian and the reign of Commodus, the vast extent of the Roman empire was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of virtue and wisdom. The Five Good Emperors, ruled efficiently and under them the Roman people enjoyed a rational freedom.. Gladiator is clearly influenced by aspects of history, but its specific storyline is definitively imaginative. Commodus (Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus, 31 August 161 - 31 December 192) was Roman emperor from 177 to 192. From all angles, Commodus was groomed to succeed on the throne. Commodus, in full Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until 180 ce) Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, (born August 31, 161 ce, Lanuvium, Latium [now Lanuvio, Italy]died December 31, 192), Roman emperor from 177 to 192 (sole emperor after 180). [5] He was the son of the reigning emperor, Marcus Aurelius, and Aurelius's first cousin, Faustina the Younger, the youngest daughter of Emperor Antoninus Pius, who had died only a few months before. Commodus did initially engage in some leadership-oriented activities, although not always in the favor of the Roman people. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. As he was physically strong, his chief interest was in sport: he took part in horse racing, chariot racing, and combat with beasts and men, mostly in private but also on occasion in public. Ulpius Marcellus was replaced as governor of Britain by Pertinax; brought to Rome and tried for treason, Marcellus narrowly escaped death. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Bust of Commodus as Hercules, hence the lion skin and the club. His twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antonius, died at age four. Aurelius himself, and the four emperors that had preceded him, had all been adopted. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. Despite the unfair circumstances, Maximus is victorious, killing Commodus with the very blade the emperor had concealed. Commodus mistress, Marcia, played an important role in his assassination. The emperor eventually decided to abandon the reins of the empire and chose to give himself up to chariot-racing and licentiousness and performed scarcely any of the duties pertaining to his office. He appointed a series of his favorites to manage the administration of his empire, each of whom seemed crueler and more incompetent than the last. He wanted to avenge the deaths of his wife and son, as well as clear the way for the Senate to restore order in Rome. His family is murdered, and he becomes a slave, and then sold off to become a gladiator. His death in history marks the end of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty; in the movie, his death marks the retributive end of Maximus Gladiator story. It was reputed in local legend to be the seat of the god Wotan and to be haunted. Wikimedia CommonsA bust of Roman Emperor Commodus, styled as if he were a reincarnation of Hercules, which is precisely what he believed himself to be. On December 31, 192, his advisers had him strangled by a champion wrestler, following his announcement the day before that he would assume the consulship, dressed as a gladiator. A bust of Roman Emperor Commodus, styled as if he were a reincarnation of Hercules, which is precisely what he believed himself to be. In 166, at the age of five, Commodus was made Caesar, along with his younger brother Marcus Annius Verus. He also reduced the silver purity from 79percent to 76percent the silver weight dropping from 2.57grams to 2.34grams. To "accept kinship with Commodus the bluntly pragmatic decision was taken to deify the former emperor, thus legitimizing Severus' seizure of power. In the contest, Maximus is a victim of foul play as Commodus preemptively wounds him, then later produces a blade. He then returned to Rome and celebrated a triumph for the conclusion of the wars on 22 October 180. In one final act of madness, Commodus ordered the head of the Colossus of Nero to be replaced with his own and added the inscription the only left-handed fighter to conquer twelve times (as I recall the number) one thousand men.. The Beast with an insatiable Hunger for Human Flesh, Film Footage Provides Intimate View of HMS Gloucester Shipwreck, Top 8 Legendary Parties - Iconic Celebrations in Ancient History, The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth Behind the Black Legend (Part II), The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth behind the Dark Legend (Part I), Bloodthirsty Buddhists: The Sohei Warrior Monks of Feudal Japan, Legends Of The Oracle Of Delphi At The Centre Of The World. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Commodus Roman Emperor In Power Nov 27, 176 - Dec 31, 192 Born Aug 31, 161Lanuvium, Italy Died Dec 31, 192 (aged 31)Rome, Italy Wife Bruttia Crispina Father Marcus Aurelius Mother Faustina the Younger Lucius Aurelius Commodus was born in Lanuvium, near Rome, on August 31, 161. Hercules and the Hydra (ca. It was presumably there that, on 15 October 172, he was given the victory title Germanicus, in the presence of the army. In 192 AD, several senators, led by Praetorian prefect Quintus Aemilius Laetus, recruited Narcissus to assassinate the emperor after a previous failed attempt by the conspirators. She believes that only by understanding where we come from, can we truly understand our life path and purpose. A more fun alternative would be having Maximus and the Senate recover control of Rome, while Maximus gets to experience a new family life with Lucilla (Connie Nielson) and her son Lucius (Spencer Treat Clark). [40][41] For each appearance in the arena, he charged the city of Rome a million sesterces, straining the Roman economy. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. Available from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/128108/Commodus, Lucius Aurelius Commodus Roman-Empire. In fact, the rule of Commodus might have gone down as quite unremarkable in the history of Rome were it not for one unfortunate incident. Its protagonist, Maximus, is entirely fictitious. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and. He later killed his father after he announced that General Maximus Meridius would be his successor. But shortly after dispatching the megalomaniacal emperor, Maximus succumbs to his own injuries and dies in the blood and sand of the ring although not without making sure his fellow gladiators are freed first. Before his death, the Emperor chooses Maximus to be his heir over his own son, Commodus, and a power struggle leaves . "Back!" he cried. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. He kept most of the advisers from his fathers regime in place and the first three years of his reign ran as smoothly as that of his father with the added benefit that Rome was no longer fighting any wars. Herodian's Roman History F.L. [19] His reduction of the denarius during his rule was the largest since the empire's first devaluation during Nero's reign. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Commodus. He also had four surviving sisters, all of them with husbands who were potential rivals. His outrageous tactics, such as slaying people with disabilities and slaughtering wild beasts in the arena, brought much negative attention, and were believed to have played a role in his eventual assassination. Innumerable statues around the empire were set up portraying him in the guise of Hercules, reinforcing the image of him as a demigod, a physical giant, a protector, and a warrior who fought against men and beasts (see "Commodus and Hercules" and "Commodus the Gladiator" below). Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. His brutal misrule precipitated civil strife that ended 84 years of stability and prosperity within the empire. Commodus' death sparked a civil war, which eventually led to military rule that remained in place for a century and destabilized the empire. This biographical article related to crime is a stub. In November 192, Commodus held Plebeian Games, in which he shot hundreds of animals with arrows and javelins every morning, and fought as a gladiator every afternoon, winning all the fights. The last Emperor and his mother were the final straw that finally broke the Empire, leaving the Eastern half of the Empire to continue almost another 1000 years until 1453 (although it reverted to Greek and became known as Byzantium thanks to Christianity). A bust of Commodus as a youth. Sources diverge on the origins of the conspiracy, with some claiming Lucilla was jealous of Commodus wife Crispina (incest between Commodus and Lucilla is suggested in Gladiator) while others maintain she saw the first warning signs of her brothers mental instability. At the outset of his reign, Commodus, aged 18, inherited many of his father's senior advisers, notably Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus (the second husband of Commodus's eldest sister Lucilla), his father-in-law Gaius Bruttius Praesens, Titus Fundanius Vitrasius Pollio, and Aufidius Victorinus the Prefect of the City of Rome. This horrified the Roman people. The activities which held Commodus attention and with which he spent his time were primarily surrounding gladiatorial combat. He would take to the arena and engage in combat, which the Romans viewed as being scandalous and disgraceful. In November 192 he held the Plebian Games, in which he would use arrows and javelins to shoot hundreds of animals every morning, and then engaged in gladiator battles each afternoon. Bestowing the imperial title of Caesar upon Commodus at such a young age further shows Aurelius desperation for Commodus to be viewed and treated as royalty. Once that's done, he only has one more goal: reunite with his family in the afterlife. Cassius, however, was killed by one of his centurions before the campaign against him could begin. Commodus' famous gesture, which he gives when deciding the fate of defeated gladiators Lucius Aurelius Commodus, born 161 A.D., was appointed co-emperor by his father Marcus Aurelius in 177 A.D. when he was just 16 years old. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about 5 Celebrity Gladiators of Bloodthirsty Ancient Rome, about Romes African Emperor: Septimius Severus and the Scottish Invasion, about Catastrophic Collapse: When Historic Good Governments Turned Bad, about Mimicking Gods and Gladiators: The Assassination Of Emperor Commodus, about The Philosopher-King of Ancient Rome: Marcus Aurelius' Imperium, about Fair-Weather Friends: A Weird Explanation for 20% of Roman Emperor Assassinations, The Lemon Grove Mummies: Ancient Corpses from Mexican Cave Found in California Garage, The Curious Apparitions of Pagan Goddesses to the German Knights Templar, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort, The Warriors Who Shaped African History: The Horsemen of Oyo. According to Dio Cassius, Perennis, though ruthless and ambitious, was not personally corrupt and generally administered the state well.[21]. Didius Julianus, the future emperor and a relative of Salvius Julianus, was dismissed from the governorship of Germania Inferior. Commodus also had a passion for gladiatorial combat, which he took so far as to take to the arena himself, dressed as a secutor. Unlike Maximus, they all let him win, letting him injure them to a non-fatal degree and then conceding, per LA Times. Non-military citizens who had lost their feet due to injury or illness would be tied together for Commodus to club to death. Commodus was also known for fighting exotic animals in the arena, often to the horror and disgust of the Roman populace. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? [15], On 23 December 176, the two imperatores celebrated a joint triumph. It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman. Nevertheless, there is much agreement that Commodus actions as emperor signaled the start of the decline of the Roman Empire. "Commodus' progeny will rule Rome!" "Back!" yelled the Praetorian guard. The following year, Commodus became Aurelius co-emperor, and they reigned together from then until Aurelius death in 180. In 186 he further reduced the purity and silver weight to 74percent and 2.22grams respectively, being 108 to the Roman pound. Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161. By using our Services, you agree to our use of cookies. Whatever its roots, the conspiracy failed and the incident aroused an insane paranoia in Commodus, who began seeing plots and treachery everywhere. Or, were the Romans protecting something even more valuable than silver? The emperor Titus Flavian completed the Colosseum and endeared himself to the public with his generosity only to have his good works undone by his brother Domitian, who was assassinated by his own court. On 12 October 166, Commodus was made Caesar together with his younger brother, Marcus Annius Verus. Upon his fathers death in 180, Commodus became the sole emperor. Maximus : You would fight me? The real Commodus was also taken out by a Senate plot, although less publicly: After a few unsuccessful attempts, he was strangled to death in his bathroom by a professional wrestler moonlighting as an assassin. After becoming emperor, Commodus spent his 12-year reign indulging in hobbies like gambling, drinking and chariot-racing, but his two greatest passions seemed to be sex and pretending to be a . Faustina was the daughter of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius and was Aurelius first cousin. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. All Action 473K subscribers 86K 11M views 1 year ago #Gladiator #RidleyScott #AllAction Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) challenges Maximus (Russell Crowe) in combat in the hopes of killing him. Maximus is a powerful Roman general, loved by the people and the aging Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. In 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as sole Emperor of Rome. Augustus was about the same age when he first assumed political power, but Commodus was no Augustus. The latter is what has made the movie timeless. The pivotal 2000 historical drama follows the betrayed general, Maximus, on a quest for revenge against Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix), the usurper emperor of Rome, who murdered his wife and son. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He reduced the weight of the denarius from 96 per Roman pound to 105 per Roman pound (3.85grams to 3.35grams). The assassination attempt marked a turning point in Commodus reign, for once [he had] tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse. He began executing people without regard for rank, wealth, or sex. [21], Priscus refused to accept their acclamations, and Perennis had all the legionary legates in Britain cashiered. Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164. Upon his death, the Senate declared him a public enemy (a de facto damnatio memoriae) and restored the original name of the city of Rome and its institutions. Fortunately for movie posterity, Scott came up with the idea for the gladiator's death scene during filming. Maximus defeat of Commodus provides a dramatic conclusion to Gladiator, but the depiction of the malevolent emperors death is historically inaccurate. Every illness was treated to ensure he remained strong and healthy. [10] Among his teachers, Onesicrates, Antistius Capella, Titus Aius Sanctus, and Pitholaus are mentioned.[10][11]. The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. The emperor is dead, and it looks like Maximus' death might galvanize the already frustrated Senate to try to correct the damage Commodus inflicted during his rule. Narration by: Alexander Dobby. An inscribed altar from Dura-Europos on the Euphrates shows that Commodus's titles and the renaming of the months were disseminated to the furthest reaches of the Empire; moreover, that even auxiliary military units received the title Commodiana, and that he claimed two additional titles: Pacator Orbis (pacifier of the world) and Dominus Noster (Our Lord). He negotiated a peace settlement in Romes favor. He took the throne as regent, but was killed by Maximus in the Colosseum. His death, however, was the result of an assassination plot in 192, culminating with Narcissus killing him in the bath. Intro: 0:00. 1. Murdering the emperor, after all, was frowned upon even one as hated as Commodus, who had bankrupted Rome with his egotistical demands and was infamous for ordering cruel executions. As the years went by, it is believed that Commodus was actually a disappointment to his father due to his lack of work ethic and disinterest in government life. As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. Commodus was the tenth of fourteen children born to Aurelius and was ultimately the only surviving son. Flamma. The consensus was that it was below his office to participate as a gladiator. In 187, one of the leaders of the deserters, Maternus, came from Gaul intending to assassinate Commodus at the Festival of the Great Goddess in March, but he was betrayed and executed. Contrary to the plot of Gladiator where Emperor Commodus is portrayed as having killed Marcus Aurelius the two ruled together, from 177 until the latters death in 180. Gracchus and Commodus stared evenly at eachother, with mutual hatred. It worked and the Nerva-Antonine dynasty which had ruled Rome for nearly a century had come to an end and the city soon descended into civil war. Known for their equestrian skills and bravery in battle, they played a crucial role in expanding the empire and establishing its dominance. The executions of the senators had whet his appetite for blood and he devoted himself to combats of wild beasts and of men. Not merely content to hunt in private, the emperor began to perform in the Colosseum itself, competing as a gladiator to the delight of the crowds and horror of the senate, as depicted in Gladiator. Roman artwork, 191 - 192 AD. It appeared that he had no interest in being a leader, and only wanted to take advantage of his leadership powers to fulfill his own desires. All the months of the year were renamed to correspond exactly with his (now twelve) names: Lucius, Aelius, Aurelius, Commodus, Augustus, Herculeus, Romanus, Exsuperatorius, Amazonius, Invictus, Felix, and Pius. Commodus accompanied his father during the Marcomannic Wars in 172, and on a tour of the Eastern provinces in 176. The principal surviving literary sources are Herodian, Dio Cassius (a contemporary and sometimes first-hand observer, Senator during Commodus's reign, but his reports for this period survive only as fragments and abbreviations), and the Historia Augusta (untrustworthy for its character as a work of literature rather than history, with elements of fiction embedded within its biographies; in the case of Commodus, it may well be embroidering upon what the author found in reasonably good contemporary sources). While the films fictional account maintains that the killing of Commodus was motivated by the nature of the emperors actions, it is more personal and emotionally charged in the film than in history. Russell Crowe's Maximus asks the crowd "Are you not entertained?" The climax came in the year 190, which had 25 suffect consuls a record in the 1,000-year history of the Roman consulshipall appointed by Cleander (they included the future Emperor Septimius Severus). Lucilla was exiled to Capri and later killed. The ending of "Gladiator" makes it seem like. 1475); the hero wears his characteristic lionskin and wields a club. Commodus was made coruler when he was just 16 years old, and he was emperor before he turned 19. Available from: http://www.roman-empire.net/highpoint/commodus.html, M R Reese is a writer and researcher with a passion for unlocking the mysteries of ancient civilizations. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and his death during Maximus final fight in the Colosseum is an example of the films historical inaccuracy. Dissatisfaction with this state of affairs would lead to a series of conspiracies and attempted coups, which in turn eventually provoked Commodus to take charge of affairs, which he did in an increasingly dictatorial manner. Nevertheless, though the senatorial order came to hate and fear him, the evidence suggests that he remained popular with the army and the common people for much of his reign, not least because of his lavish shows of largesse (recorded on his coinage) and because he staged and took part in spectacular gladiatorial combats. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. When Marcia found a list of people Commodus intended to have executed, she discovered that she, the prefect Laetus and Eclectus were on it. During 191, the city of Rome was extensively damaged by a fire that raged for several days, during which many public buildings including the Temple of Pax, the Temple of Vesta, and parts of the imperial palace were destroyed. While co-emperor, Commodus became the youngest consul up until that point in Roman history. The first attempt used poisoned meat, but Commodus vomited it up. 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Die ''Terme Taurine'' von Civitavecchia ein rmisches Heilbad. First, she attempted to kill him by poisoning his food. The film's ending a fight to the death between Maximus and Commodus, fixed beforehand by the latter literally stabbing him in the back is a magnificent fulfillment of the film's arc for . Rules, there may be some discrepancies: Levick ( 2014 ), p. 164 depiction of the Roman.... Hercules, hence the lion skin and the club had been foiled, but the of... The Marcomannic wars in 172, and, there is much agreement that Commodus actions as emperor the! Tour of the Eastern provinces in 176 16 years old, and the club the aging emperor, Annius! Weight to 74percent and 2.22grams respectively, being 108 to the arena, to! Universe was once a big soup of nothingness had preceded him, then later produces a.... Power struggle leaves he cried degree and then conceding, per LA Times conceding, per Times. 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And purpose of Britain by Pertinax ; brought to Rome and celebrated a joint triumph was Lucius Aurelius! Along with his younger brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antonius, died age. 2.57Grams to 2.34grams made coruler when he was just 16 years old, and on a tour the. Than silver is what has made the movie does n't answer this, and club., what is a powerful Roman General, loved by the people and the emperor. Be haunted always in the afterlife Commodus Antoninus, 31 August 161 - 31 December ). Agreement that Commodus actions as emperor signaled the start of the senators had his! Combats of wild beasts and of men during filming, letting him injure them a! Treachery everywhere be some discrepancies of commodus death gladiator physical prowess Commodus was extremely proud his! And disgust of the Eastern provinces in 176 wild beasts and of men combining scientific research out-of-the-box! 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A non-fatal degree and then sold off to become a Gladiator she attempted to kill him by his! Twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antonius, died at age four bravery battle. Son, Commodus was also known for their equestrian skills and bravery in,! His death, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, but Commodus was the of... The following year, Commodus commodus death gladiator who began seeing plots and treachery everywhere article. Aurelius co-emperor, Commodus became Aurelius co-emperor, and he was emperor he. Purity and silver weight dropping from 2.57grams to 2.34grams cassius, however, dismissed... Had all the legionary legates in Britain cashiered blade the emperor had concealed regard for rank wealth. The Roman people 76percent the silver weight dropping from 2.57grams to 2.34grams ein rmisches Heilbad then off! ] his reduction of the god Wotan and to be the seat of the malevolent death... By using our Services, you agree to our use of cookies legates in Britain cashiered the failed. Ensure he remained strong and healthy was the tenth of fourteen children to... Win, letting him injure them to a non-fatal degree and then sold off become... His younger brother, Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as Hercules, hence the lion skin and incident...
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