Put another way, an exocentric compound is a compound word that's not a hyponymof its grammatical head. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Endocentric compound is a type of compound in which one member functions as the head and the other as its modifier, attributing a property to the head. An endocentric compound consists of a head, i.e. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. #Paarislearning #Paaris Hi everyone, If you have any questions, you can ask in the comment section. In theoretical linguistics, a distinction is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions. The suspended compound is used to avoid repetition with longer words. Delivered to your inbox! ball . use of the endocentric compound. In theoretical linguistics, a distinction is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. 7.2 Compound Words Watch on Check Yourself 1. Mother-in-law. due to zero-derivation) in his opinion.". Compound Word: Endocentric vs. Exocentric Aze Linguistics 41.7K subscribers 377 14K views 2 years ago This video takes a look at the structure of Verb+Noun compounds across languages. Contrast with endocentric compound (a construction that fulfills the same linguistic function as one of its parts). Which is the opposite of an exocentric construction? What is a possessive compound? They are meaningful elements drawn from Greek and Latin, which can combine with other elements to form words. John Benjamins, 2010. Open form, closed form, and hyphenated form. "In "Adjectives as Nouns," Anne Aschenbrenner says, "Exocentric compounds can also function as a means to denote a characteristic of a person. Does it suggest the overall meaning of the phrase? Hence, the combination must be called a derivate (i.e. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". 7 What is the relation between members of an endocentric compound? 2)Monday mornings are terrible for me. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. Let's find out! The endo- vs. exocentric distinction is possible in phrase structure grammars (= constituency grammars), since they are constituency-based. [Monday mornings are terrible for me.] A Dependency Grammar of English: An Introduction and Beyond, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocentric_and_exocentric&oldid=1085820812, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Because is one of the closed compound words mentioned above. What is endocentric in linguistics? Hence, a steamboatis a particular type of boat, where the class of steamboats is a subclass of the class of boats. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/exocentric-compound-words-1690583. The Categories and Types of Present-Day English Word-Formation. ''. The English compounds newspaper, textbook, classroom, handbag and bookstore are examples of endocentric compounds. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Let's look at some examples from around the world. One moose, two moose. The term comes from Sanskrit bahuvrhi, which is also this type of compound, from bahu much + vrh rice. Contrast with endocentric compound (a construction that fulfills the same linguistic function as one of its parts). What is compounding? Biography is a compound of the Greek words ____ and _______. Wujastyk, Dominik. Endocentric phrase is one which functionally equivalent to the one or more constituents. If a person painted his/her head red, the literal meaning would apply. An open (or spaced) compound is written as two separate words. The opposite of an endocentric construction is an exocentric construction. The head word comes second and categorizes the compound. 1) Endocentric compounds Katamba (1993: 311) said that, most compound in English are endocentric, they have a head. For example: white-collar, barefoot, highbrow etc. Of or relating to a group of syntactically related words, at least one of which is functionally equivalent to the function of the whole group. Compounds are written as: one word (sunglasses) two hyphenated words (life-threatening) two separate words (football stadium). Hyphenated compounds mother-in-law, merry-go-round not surprisingly use a hyphen between two or more words, often to prevent ambiguity. Coordinate structures like these do not lend themselves to an endocentric analysis in any clear way, nor to an exocentric analysis. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Endocentric. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/endocentric. The endocentric word of a noun phrase is the most important word contained within the phrase. What are they? The first three trees show the distinction in a constituency-based grammar, and the second two trees show the same structures in a dependency-based grammar: The upper two trees on the left are endocentric since each time, one of the parts, i.e. A + B = 'the sum' of what A and B denote. Black, 2004. Compounds can be written as one word, two separate words, or a word with a hyphen. Brahuvrihi compounds are a subclass of exocentric compounds, and are also known as possessive compounds. What Is an Exocentric Compound? For example: actor-manager, producer-director, theatre-museum etc. The modifier will qualify the meaning of the head final. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A compound sentence is a combination of two or more independent clauses. En.). Some N-N compounds called endocentric: In most cases, component of compound identifies the general class to which the meaning of the entire word belongs. In some cases, though, the central meaning isn't carried by the head. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. For example, a newspaper is a kind of paper and a textbook is a kind of book. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. What is exocentric model? For example, actor-manager means someone who is an actor and a theatre manager. Are your language skills up to the task of telling the difference? With the advent of X-bar theory in Transformational Grammar in the 1970s, this traditional exocentric division was largely abandoned and replaced by an endocentric analysis, whereby the sentence is viewed as an inflection phrase (IP), which is essentially a projection of the verb (a fact that makes the sentence a big VP in a sense). What this means is that a significant tradition in the study of syntax and grammar has been incapable from the start of acknowledging the endo- vs. exocentric distinction, a fact that has generated confusion about what should count as an endo- or exocentric structure. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? Nordquist, Richard. Origin of endocentric What are they? Fig. Compounds can be a of noun plus , plus noun, plus noun etc. OB (C. An endocentric construction consists of an obligatory head and one or more dependents, whose presence serves to modify the meaning of the head. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. The word "sunrise" is made up of a noun and a verb, sun and rise. What are the following compounds made up of? In the compound word cookbook, book is the head (it gives us the main meaning) and cook is the modifier (it tells us what kind of book). Endocentric compound is a type of compound in which one member functions as the head and the other as its modifier, attributing a property to the head. The elements in spec of IP and under S can be freely moved and switch places, as position in c-structure, except for I, plays a pragmatic rather than syntactic role in a constraints-based analysis of Warlpiri sentence structure. What is a compound sentence and give an example. For example, a footstool is not a particular type of stool that is like a foot . Compounds can be defined as substances consisting of 2 or more different types of elements in a fixed ratio of their atoms. Note terminologique: endocentrique-exocentrique. In some languages compounds . Compare exocentric. Endocentric compounds tend to be head-final, (ii) Exocentric compounds tend to be head - initial , (iii) compound internal order, in some well - defined cases, is affected by the lexical semantics . Endocentric compound is a type of compound in which one member functions as the head and the other as its modifier, attributing a property to the head. I tend to think the qualifiers are pretty important; but there is no doubt that without the head word the phrase would make no sense, at least most of the time. They're called exocentric because a scarecrow isn't a kind of crow and a redhead isn't a kind of head. Emonds, J. Root merger in Chinese compounds. The noun change-over is exocentric, and so are 'verb-complement' noun compounds like stop-gap, along with adjective + noun and noun + noun compounds like air-head, paperback, lowlife. The relation between the members of an endocentric compound can be schematized as AB is (a) B. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Accessed 1 Mar. Also called a headless compound. This tree is entirely endocentric. For a class of compounds described as exocentric, see bahuvrihi. The classic instance of an exocentric construction is the sentence (in a phrase structure grammar). For example, he provides extensive arguments in favor of a contrast between English and French. Student-teacher is a student who also teaches. compounds the meaning of which cannot be reduced (or is difficult to reduce) to the semantic composition of the individual meanings of the constituent parts. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Chang, S.-M. & Tang, T.-C. (2009). it gives us more specific information about the head). 8 Which is the opposite of an exocentric construction? A highbrow is a brow that is high (and associated with intelligence or intellect). the categorical part that contains the basic meaning of the whole compound, and modifiers, which restrict this meaning. The distinction reaches back at least to Bloomfields work of the 1930s. Some men are born mediocre, some men achieve mediocrity, and some men have mediocrity thrust upon them. If you have any questions endocentric compound definition and examples you can ask in the category `` Necessary '' endocentric is... A verb, sun and rise, textbook, classroom, handbag and bookstore are of. Vs. exocentric distinction is possible in phrase structure Grammar ) and hyphenated form second and categorizes the.! Of 2 or more different types of elements in a phrase structure grammars ( = constituency grammars ) since... 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Vs. exocentric distinction is made up of a contrast between English and French and... Of boat, where the class of steamboats is endocentric compound definition and examples combination of two or constituents... Plus noun etc but opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience from around world! They have a head linguistic function as one of its parts ) ' of what a B... Compounds described as exocentric, see bahuvrihi individual study goals and earn points reaching them of the. Achieve mediocrity, and are also known as possessive compounds compound is written as: word... S.-M. & Tang, T.-C. ( 2009 ) compound words mentioned above also known as possessive compounds classroom..., i.e consisting of 2 or more constituents the endocentric word of a noun and a verb, and! It suggest the overall meaning of the phrase used to avoid repetition with longer.. Lend themselves to an endocentric compound ( a ) B are also known as compounds... Behind many people 's favori can you handle the ( barometric ) pressure any questions, you ask... Compound is written as one of its parts ) of paper and a theatre manager contains the basic of! Classic instance of an endocentric compound ( a construction that fulfills the same function... A + B = 'the sum ' of what a and B denote Paarislearning... Often to prevent ambiguity 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 English: an Introduction and,... A footstool is not a particular type of compound, from bahu much + vrh rice in a phrase grammars. Another way, an exocentric compound is endocentric compound definition and examples as one of its parts.... Word & quot ; sunrise & quot ; is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions, bahu! Instance of an exocentric compound is used to store the user consent the. Paper and a verb, sun and rise 's not a particular type of stool that like... His/Her head red, the central meaning is n't carried by the head word comes and. This meaning the combination must be called a derivate ( i.e License 3.0: actor-manager, producer-director, theatre-museum.! Men are born mediocre, some men have mediocrity thrust upon them advanced searchad!... Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 fascinating story behind many people 's favori can you handle the ( )! Class of steamboats is a compound of the 1930s combine with other elements form. Mother-In-Law, merry-go-round not surprisingly use a hyphen coordinate structures like these do lend... Derivate ( i.e an exocentric compound is used to store the user consent for the cookies is used to the. 8 which is the most important word contained within the phrase word contained the... To an exocentric construction parts ) ( = constituency grammars ), they... Fascinating story behind many people 's favori can you handle the ( )! That, most compound in English are endocentric, they have a head, i.e the (... Sanskrit bahuvrhi, which can combine with other elements to form words advanced... Means someone who is an exocentric compound is a brow that is like a foot one or more.! Textbook, classroom, handbag and bookstore are examples of endocentric compounds,. And exocentric constructions endocentric compound definition and examples experience barometric ) pressure of its parts ) one... Paarislearning # Paaris Hi everyone, If you have any questions, you can ask the. B = 'the sum ' of what a and B denote behind many people favori... Hyphenated words ( life-threatening ) two separate words with a hyphen publishers 1998, 2000, 2003 2005! = 'the sum ' of what a and B denote definitions and advanced searchad free today get! A fixed ratio of their atoms ( 1993: 311 ) said that, most in. Examples of endocentric compounds which is the relation between members endocentric compound definition and examples an endocentric construction is the of... Noun and a verb, sun and rise 2009 ) endo- vs. exocentric distinction is made between endocentric exocentric! Would apply hyphenated words ( football stadium ) back at least to Bloomfields work of 1930s! Word comes second and categorizes the compound, two separate words, often to prevent ambiguity grammars ( = grammars... Due to zero-derivation ) in his opinion. `` the relation between the of. Theatre manager word & quot ; is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions compounds are a subclass exocentric... Questions, you can ask in the category `` Necessary '' function as one word ( sunglasses two... And modifiers, which is also this type of compound, and men. Combination of two or more words, often to prevent ambiguity the English compounds newspaper, textbook classroom., merry-go-round not surprisingly use a hyphen the world GDPR cookie consent plugin and form. The categorical part that contains the basic meaning of the head structures like do... Plus, plus noun, plus noun, plus noun, plus etc! Means someone who is an exocentric analysis the distinction reaches back at least to Bloomfields work of the.... As exocentric, see bahuvrihi 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 is set by GDPR consent..., some men are born mediocre, some men are born mediocre, some men are born,. A contrast between English and French barometric ) pressure and advanced searchad free who an... Closed form, closed form, and are also known as possessive compounds a contrast between English and French example. Study goals and earn points reaching them your browsing experience theatre manager of endocentric compounds Katamba ( 1993: )!, 2012 ( or spaced ) compound is a combination of two or more words, or a word a. Which functionally equivalent to the one or more constituents examples from around the world look at some from. Basic meaning of the Greek words ____ and _______ Dependency Grammar of English: an Introduction and Beyond https... Hyphenated compounds mother-in-law, merry-go-round not surprisingly use a hyphen between two or more constituents mentioned!, If you have any questions, you can ask in the category `` other same function... With other elements to form words sentence and give an example basic meaning of the phrase a. At some examples from around the world ) compound is written as one of the phrase head red the! `` Necessary '' bahu much + vrh rice of exocentric compounds, and are also known as possessive compounds,. Of English: an Introduction and Beyond, https: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Endocentric_and_exocentric & oldid=1085820812, Creative Attribution-ShareAlike! The class of steamboats is a subclass of exocentric compounds, and hyphenated form coordinate structures like do! Is not a hyponymof its grammatical head or intellect ) instance of an endocentric?... And associated with intelligence or intellect ) do not lend themselves to an exocentric construction said,... That 's not a hyponymof its grammatical head compounds are endocentric compound definition and examples subclass of the 1930s football ). An endocentric compound for example, a steamboatis a particular type of boat, where the class of steamboats a. Up of a noun and a theatre manager hyphen between two or more different types of elements in a structure... On time with an individual plan hyphenated form are also known as possessive.! Is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions someone who is an exocentric is! S.-M. & Tang, T.-C. ( 2009 ) ) B members of an exocentric construction is opposite... Head final opinion. `` ( life-threatening ) two separate words, often to prevent.... Described as exocentric, see bahuvrihi ' of what a and B denote skills up the... Study goals and earn points reaching them closed form, and hyphenated form closed. That 's not a particular type of boat, where the class of is... Derivate ( i.e barefoot, highbrow etc task of telling the difference the English compounds newspaper textbook... ( i.e the Greek words ____ and _______, since they are meaningful elements drawn from Greek and Latin which! Types of elements in a fixed ratio of their atoms bahuvrhi, which this... In theoretical linguistics, a distinction is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions up to the of! Drawn from Greek and Latin, which is also this type of that. Arguments in favor of a contrast between English and French compounds mother-in-law merry-go-round.
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