Shallow residual soils have developed along the slopes and in the broken hill country. Plateau Mountains List of 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan: Thar Desert - Biggest Desert of Pakistan Cholistan - Rohi Desert Thal Desert Kharan Desert - Sandy Desert Katpana Desert - Cold Desert So let's have a look: 1. The soils are generally infertile and, because of severe wind erosion, are overblown with sand. This can reduce the already limited plant life in deserts.Climate change also affects rainfall patterns. This has happened among the states in the Colorado River Basin, which have negotiated for many years over the division of the rivers water. Almost all types of fruits are grown here which are considered among the best in the world concerning taste. But water patterns are not included in the relief features. There are five deserts in Pakistan. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. Leeward slopes face away from prevailing winds.When moisture-laden air hits a mountain range, it is forced to rise. /Length 5130 Often associated with intense sun and sand, however, they can also be cold. Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert. WASHINGTON The majority conservative wing of the U.S. Supreme Court appear skeptical that the Biden administration has the authority to implement a federal student debt relief program that was Thal Desert The areas of Mianwali, Sargodha, Muzaffar Garh and Dera Ghazi Khan districts in the province of Punjab are called Thal desert. Thar Desert, also called Great Indian Desert, arid region of rolling sand hills on the Indian subcontinent. Trees and other vegetation are being planted to break the force of the wind and to hold the soil. Your time: 00:01:07. The lizard catches rain and dew in these grooves and sucks them into its mouth by gulping.Camels are very efficient water users. In the north, northeast and north-west of Pakistan there are three ranges of mountains. GS Paper 1. Deserts are divided into these types according to the causes of their dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical deserts are caused by the circulation patterns of air masses. The Aswan Dam harnesses the power of the Nile for hydroelectricity used in industry. Our country has all the features that one expects from a country. Aquifers take a long time to refill. The Thar Region forms part of the bigger desert of the same name that sprawls over a vast area of Pakistan and India from Cholistan to Nagarparkar in Pakistan and from the south of the Haryana down to Rajasthan in India. Pakistan, part of the greater Indian subcontinent, is situated at the crossroads of the Middle East and Asia. These funds, he said, are yet to be accounted for publicly. Pakistan lies between latitudes 24 and 37 degrees . Answer (4) Gobi Desert. It is separated from the central irrigated zone of the plains by the dry bed of the Ghaggar River in Bahawalpur and the eastern Nara Canal in Sindh. Hydroelectric power is supplied by the Nangal power plant located on the Sutlej River in Punjab. Saguaro cactuses, which live in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northern Mexico, expand like accordions to store water in the cells of their trunks and branches. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. Much of the province south of the Quetta region is sparse desert terrain with pockets of inhabitable land, mostly near rivers and streams. In the rest of the country, temperatures reach great extremes in the summer; the mean temperature during June is 100 F (38 C) in the plains, where the highest temperatures can exceed 117 F (47 C). Katpana desert is also known as The Cold desert. The third major desert in Pakistan is the Thal Desert. We gave money to the Namibian Covid-19 response . The parabolic dunes typically have two arms and a top that joins them. Others are dry expanses of rock, sand, or salt flats.Kinds of DesertsThe worlds deserts can be divided into five typessubtropical, coastal, rain shadow, interior, and polar. The Indus River, one of the great rivers of the world, rises in southwestern Tibet, only about 160 kilometers west of the source of the Sutlej River, which joins the Indus in Punjab, and the Brahmaputra, which runs eastward before turning southwest and flowing through Bangladesh. About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining 15% is in Pakistan. Heavy rains . Many desert dwellers rely on groundwater, stored in aquifers below the surface. 51K views 1 year ago #PhysicalMapOfPakistan Pakistan is located in South Asia. Although some deserts are very hot, with daytime temperatures as high as 54C (130F), other deserts have cold winters or are cold year-round. They are places that were once lakes or salty ponds of shallow depth that by the intensity of the sun, the water evaporates leaving only salt in the bottom. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The desert is widely known for its extremely arid climatic conditions. This spacing gives some desert regions a desolate appearance.In some deserts, plants have unique leaves to capture sunlight for photosynthesis, the process plants use to make food. Karakum desert. The main features of the Indian dessert are as follows (i) The Indian desert lies towards the Western margins of the Aravalli hills. Winds that reach the Gobi have long since lost their moisture. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: Antarctic Desert (13,829,430) Arctic Desert (13,726,937) Sahara (9,065,253) Arabian Desert (2,300,000) Australian desert (1,371,000) Gobi Desert (1,300,000) Kalahari Desert (930,000) Patagonian Desert (670,000) Desert of Syria (409,000) Chihuahua Desert (362,600) Desert relief features They are mounds of sand that the wind moves, accumulates and shapes. Many nomads are engaged in animal husbandry, crafts, or trade. South Africa is losing 300-400 million metric tons (330-441 short tons) of topsoil each year.Many countries are working to reduce the rates of desertification. Basins of Northern Balochistan Most of the deserts inhabitants reside in rural areas and are distributed in varying densities. The booming Inland Empire of southeastern California is made up of deserts (the Mojave and the Sonoran) that rely on water for agriculture, industry, and residential development. % Approximately 42% (or 7,00,000 sq km) of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the . It can be folded and unfolded to cover the mouth, nose, and eyes. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Older dunes, however, are in a semi-stabilized or stabilized condition, and many rise to a height of almost 500 feet (150 metres) above the surrounding areas. People who migrate to the warm, dry desert for the winter and return to more temperate climates in the spring are sometimes called snowbirds.In rural areas, hot days turn into cool nights, providing welcome relief from the scorching sun. They are geographic features of the desert (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 20) that are constructed by the wind (George, 2007, p.195) with soft, uniform layers. 1. ]H5!v! =V.jTLbd 4wQ$6t\Gt%5W;5&Yd1WZ@$ b. The coastal plains 5. May and June are the hottest months of the year, with temperatures rising to 122 F (50 C). Their shape is best seen from an aerial view and when they are formed successively they look like a roof of tiles. Desertification has severely reduced the wetland habitats surrounding the lake, as well as its fishery and grazing lands.Desertification is not new. Rising from the AshesThe desert city of Phoenix, Arizona, is named for the mythical desert bird that burns to death only to be reborn, rising from its own ashes. The roots of a mesquite tree, for example, can reach water more than 30 meters (100 feet) underground.Mesquites, saguaros, and many other desert plants also have thorns to protect them from grazing animals.Many desert plants are annuals, which means they only live for one season. Sugar cane is a very water-intensive crop mostly harvested in tropical regions. In the plains, however, mean annual precipitation generally decreases from northeast to southwest, falling from about 20 inches (500 mm) at Lahore to less than 5 inches (130 mm) in the Indus River corridor and 3.5 inches (90 mm) at Sukkur. A severe quake in 1931 was followed by an even more destructive one in 1935. Large areas of desert soil are irrigated by water pumped from underground sources or brought by canal from distant rivers or lakes. Thermal power-generating plants, fueled by coal and oil, supply power only locally in the large towns. In the southern part of the province of Punjab, the British attempted to harness the irrigation power of the water over 100 years ago when they established what came to be known as the Canal Colonies. A cloudburst may bring as much as 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain in a single hourthe only rain the desert gets all year.Desert humidity is usually so low that not enough water vapor exists to form clouds. This whirling column of hot air picks up dust and dirt. Climatologists identify this period as the Green Sahara.Archaeological evidence of past settlements is abundant in the middle of what are arid, unproductive areas of the Sahara today. Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. Lowest point: Sea level << Sheep and cattle have reduced the native vegetation in Patagonia, causing loss of valuable topsoil. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. Answer: Bhabar Terai Bhangar Khadar Question 24. Among the migratory birds, sand grouse, ducks, and geese are common. Shaded relief map shows landscape features, such as mountains, valleys and plateaus. The meaning of relief features of India is the mountain ranges, hill chains, plateaus , rivers, lakes, islands, deltas, deserts , flood plains, river valleys, and rolling lands. Engaged in the production of a variety of handcrafted items including the very famous Cholistani Khussas, the cottage industry in the Cholistan Desert serves as the economic engine of the region. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Potwar Plateau and Salt Range 5. stream Pakistan is located in between four countries and the border of Pakistan touches China, India, Afghanistan, Iran. Turbans are also much longerup to six meters (20 feet)!Desert dwellers have also adapted their shelters for the unique climate. Some desert vultures urinate on their own legs, cooling them by evaporation.Many desert animals have developed ingenious ways of getting the water they need. Relief and natural regions. The canal begins at the Harike Barrageat the confluence of the Sutlej and Beas rivers in the Indian Punjaband continues in a southwesterly direction for some 290 miles (470 km). Pakistan is a subtropical country spread over an area of 79.6 million hectares (mha) lying between 24 and 37 N and 61 and 75 E. Most of the area is semiarid to arid, extending . More than 30 percent of the grasslands of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are faced with desertification.People often overuse natural resources to survive and profit in the short term, while neglecting long-term sustainability. The plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells. Corrections? [7sa6 The topography of Pakistan is divided into seven geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain, the desert areas, the Pothohar Plateau, Balochistan Plateau, Salt Range, and the Sistan Basin. This warming has effects beyond simply making hot deserts hotter. Manhattan, KS (66502) Today. So desert plants typically have tiny, waxy leaves. You cannot download interactives. It means that the land of Pakistan is different in various regions from its type. The Nile provides the most reliable, plentiful source of freshwater in the region. These soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content, and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization. 5 0 obj Straw is poked partway into the sand, forming a pattern of small squares along the contours of the dunes. The Sulaiman Mountains dominate the northeast corner, and the Bolan Pass is a natural route into Afghanistan towards Kandahar. You'll find plains, deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus. What are the relief features that are found in the Northern plains? Elephants, gazelles, rhinos, giraffes, and people used stream-fed pools and lakes.There were three or four other moist periods in the Sahara. The resulting fences break the force of the wind at ground level, stopping dune movement by confining the sand within the squares of the grid.New technologies are also being developed to combat desertification. A desert tortoises thick shell insulates the animal and reduces water loss. A coastal desert may be almost totally rainless, yet damp with fog.The Atacama Desert, on the Pacific shores of Chile, is a coastal desert. Pakistan is the most diverse country in the world, with four distinctive regions. For miles, where the only sources of water are the rains and the haze of the early morning, you will not find more plant life. According to their movement, the dunes are divided into five classes: They have an inverted"U"shape and point to the opposite direction of the wind. Answer: I. Himalayas: To the north of India, Himalayan mountains extend from west to east at a length around 2400 Kms. Drilling into aquifers provides water for drinking, agriculture, industry, and hygiene. In the Khurais area, a shale sedimentary unit in the lower third of the Dammam Formation is loaded with the fossilized remains of marine creatures. This desert was the site of Pakistans second nuclear test,Chagai-II, which was carried out on 30 May 1998. Snakes and lizards are familiar desert reptiles. The southern region is known as Makran. Sheep are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool. Light rains often evaporate in the dry air, never reaching the ground. Updates? For example, the mountain ranges along the . Reptiles such as desert iguanas, snakes or chameleons are often found in this type of landscape, but we can also find coyotes, kangaroos, camels, vultures, tarantulas, rats, coyotes and scorpions. Results. The geography of India is constituted by these relief features. The Sindh government, led by the Pakistan People's Party, had previously claimed that there had been an improvement in the situation in Thar, while, simultaneously, members of the same party denied that hunger and malnutrition had anything to do with the death of hundreds of infants. The Cholistan Desert is locally known as Rohi and covers the area ofBahawalpur,Punjab. As a result, wind and water erode the nutrient-rich topsoil. In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth. The Baluchistan Plateau 4. The Desert (The Thar) 6. The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalis. They usually shift a few meters a year, but a particularly violent sandstorm can move a dune 20 meters (65 feet) in a single day.Sandstorms may bury everything in their pathrocks, fields, and even towns. Sometimes, rock is carved into tablelike formations such as mesas and buttes. It seeps into the ground, where it can remain for thousands of years.Underground water sometimes rises to the surface, forming springs or seeps. It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. O Levels Topical Past Papers of Environment of Pakistan 2059/02 PAKISTAN STUDIES PAPERS (2002-2012) Compiled By : Rizwan Javed GCEGUIDE.COM fPaper II: Contents The natural Topography 2 Climate of Pakistan 19 Forests 61 Development of Mineral Resources 80 Fishing 89 Agriculture 98 Power Resources 143 Industries 160 Trade 193 Transport and . The Sahara Desert is almost the size of the entire continental United States. The desert spans an area of square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. Tremors continue in the vicinity of Quetta; the most recent major earthquake occurred in October 2008. The booming desert communities of Las Vegas, Nevada, and Californias Inland Empire are using water faster than the aquifer is being refilled. The semi-arid region of the Thar Desert is called "Bagar". In the 1930s, parts of the Great Plains of North America became the Dust Bowl through a combination of drought and poor farming practices. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. White reflects sunlight, and the loose fit allows cooling air to flow across the skin.These robes of loose cloth can be adjusted (folded) for length, sleeves, and pockets, depending on the wearer and the climate. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded a drop of rain.Rain Shadow DesertsRain shadow deserts exist near the leeward slopes of some mountain ranges. It has height up to of 4712 metres. The desert presents an undulating surface, with high and low sand dunes separated by sandy plains and low barren hills, or bhakars, which rise abruptly from the surrounding plains. Pakistan consists of 5 major deserts in the region. Precipitation amounts fluctuate widely from year to year. ;,GSL0X*G6]}?r?pp$a3,25(>sG}#vs]#Ih]6MY1BtlL3l5vaRtjmQ\ k/kE{Z27Vp-.yE(YJ>Ws{8#m0g7)N6U*=9e/|!M. They have east to west in directionHimalayas, Karakoram. Basins of Western Balochistan Agricultural production is devastated, and the economy of a region suffers. Desert plants grow far apart, allowing them to obtain as much water around them as possible. The desert was used for nuclear testing by the Pakistan military, making it the most famous of the five deserts. Most of the Sindh Sagar Doab, the most western of the doabs of Punjab, was an unproductive wasteland (known as the Thal Desert) before the construction of the Jinnah Barrage on the Indus River near Kalabagh in 1946. It serves as a natural barrier between India and Pakistan. Shaded relief map. It has mountains, rivers, plains, plateaus and deserts. It is the seventeenth largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Land between two rivers is called DOAB in the local language.[i.e. In stark contrast to its arid desert landscape, the desert is home Dodhla Forest, one of Pakistans most well-protected rainforest. Thar Desert - Biggest Desert of Pakistan: Our list is top with Thar, the biggest desert of Pakistan. 1. The amount of annual rainfall in the desert is generally low, ranging from about 4 inches (100 mm) or less in the west to about 20 inches (500 mm) in the east. The Colorado River, for instance, flows through three deserts in the American Southwest: the Great Basin, the Sonoran, and the Mojave. In general, the nomads are symbiotically related to the sedentary population and its economy. The Hohokam used the canals to irrigate their crops. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: The relief of the desert is composed of dunes, plains and plateaus. Besides, Thal, . It is situated in Punjab, Pakistan between the Jhelum and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. The presence of Derawar fort, which is a historical structure standing with all its magnificence to date, hints towards the historical significance of the Cholistan desert. There are also vast deserts in Pakistan. States of the Colorado River Basin continue to negotiate today to prepare for population growth, agricultural development, and the possibility of future droughts.Life in the DesertPlants and animals adapt to desert habitats in many ways. Important passes of these mountains are Khunjarab, Karakoram, Babusar. The Indus 200000 Valley Desert lies between two major rivers in the region, the Chenab and the Indus. Over time, the Ghaggar changed course and now only flows during the rainy monsoon season. The Indo - Gangetic plain 3. 1. Fossils and artifacts show that lime and olive trees, oaks, and oleanders once bloomed in the Sahara. In some waterlogged areas, however, these soils are salinized. Dust storms and dust-raising winds, often blowing with velocities of 87 to 93 miles (140 to 150 km) per hour, are common in May and June. In Arabia, Australia and North Africa reach altitudes of 100 meters and lengths greater than 100 kilometers (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). (iii) This region receives very low rainfall, below 150 mm per year. The Thar Desert spans a stammering 446 square kilometers and covers large areas of both Pakistan and India. Other deserts consist of rocky plateaus, called hammadas, separated by sand-filled basins. Julivert, M. (2003). Hot and Cold DesertsThe largest hot desert in the world is the Sahara, which is 9 million square kilometers (3.5 million square miles). These polar deserts contain great quantities of water, but most of it is locked in glaciers and ice sheets year-round. Roads and buildings were washed away, and more than 100 people died.Even in a desert, water and wind eventually wear away softer rock. Some areas of the Atacama are often covered by fog. Amongst other relief efforts, was also a contribution in Ration Relief during the devastating 2010 and 2014 Floods of Central Pakistan. Cities like New York City, New York, and Atlanta, Georgia, can be 5 degrees warmer than the surrounding area. . Apart from the sample questions given above, candidates can check Previous Year Question Papers with solution PDF to understand the type of questions asked in the general awareness section of these examinations. Source: The Hindu Context: An intensive study of Earth's deep interior, based on the behaviour of seismic waves from large earthquakes, confirmed the existence of a distinct structure inside our planet's inner core - a hot innermost solid ball of iron and nickel about 800 miles (1,350 km) wide. Some xerocoles avoid the sun by resting in scarce shade. "We have examined the interim applications which have now been filed by various group of companies for recalling of the order dated November 7, 2022, pursuant to which we consciously recalled our . Desertification usually happens in semi-arid areas that border deserts.Human activities are a primary cause of desertification. All these geographical features are spread over India. However, as the season of harvest gets over, the roots of the crops die off, returning the desert to its actual state of naked emptiness. However, fennec foxes have adapted so they do not have to drink water at all: Their kidneys retain enough water from the food they eat.Most xerocoles are nocturnal. The Thal Desert is located in northeastern Pakistan between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Thar-Desert, World Wildlife Fund - Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan, Academia - A study on the geology of Thar Desert. The land of Pakistan and India Sahara desert is located on the planet and the Indus and Jhelum.! Khunjarab, Karakoram content, and oleanders once bloomed in the north, northeast and north-west Pakistan... Often evaporate in the region per year in deserts.Climate change also affects rainfall patterns plants fueled! Making hot deserts hotter. [ i.e plant located on the Sutlej in... 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