McNamara added that all this would achieve was a military stalemate at a much higher level of violence. But nearly until the end of the U.S. war, if a helicopter or truck had a seat available, they would take you along. In the top-secret memo he wrote on his way back to Washington, excerpted below, he coolly predicts the deadly road ahead and the unlikely prospects for victory. It would last for three days and two nights before the North Vietnamese would vanish into the tangle of brush and elephant grass, leaving a large circle of their dead scattered around the American position. In mid-April of 1975, a small group of American journalists were invited to fly into the small provincial capital of Xuan Loc, South Vietnam, 35 miles north of Saigon, by commander Le Minh Dao. In the next six hours, McDades battalion would lose 155 men killed and 120 wounded. ART. Aug. 18 (UPI) -- Joseph Galloway, a former United Press International war correspondent whose book about the Battle of Ia Drang in Vietnam was made into a Hollywood movie, died Wednesday in a . ============== Alice Gabriner, who edited this photo essay, is TIMEs International Photo Editor. In the late 1940s, Giap wrote this uncannily accurate prediction of the course of the Viet Minh war against the French: The enemy will pass slowly from the offensive to the defensive. Hal Moore, portrayed by Mel Gibson in the movie, was a bonafide legendary commander with unending love for . This particular Viet Cong had fought for three days with his intestines in a cooking bowl strapped onto his stomach. Armed with an M16 that he personally took to Vietnam, Joe Lee Galloway. In November 1965, journalist Joseph L. Galloway hitched a ride on an Army helicopter flying to the Ia Drang Valley, a rugged landscape of red dirt, brown elephant grass and truck-size termite. He did a cautious aerial reconnaissance by helicopter and selected a football fieldsized clearing at the base of the Chu Pong Massif, a 2,401-foot-high piece of ground that stretched to the Cambodian border and beyond for several miles. Knight Ridder asked me to write a memo for our reporters telling them how to cover so dangerous an operation without getting killed out of JOSEPH L. GALLOWAY ( Rambo The Reporter ) IS NOW SELLING HIS COMBAT PICTURES FROM LANDING ZONE X-RAY. LARCENY AND WRONGFUL APPROPRIATION, The time Bruce Crandall Medal of Honor winner, was caught [ steal ]trying to sling load a 10. kilowatt generator off it pad on an airbase. you dont. Purdie was being restrained from turning back to aid his CO. A few frames later, Larry Burrows took another photograph: Purdie is still being held back, but in front of him is another wounded man and Purdies arms are outstretched. I began having a nightmare that was always the same: I was on my knees begging for my Now go and if you are invited back, dont come!. A kid headed out for R&R and a floor stacked with KIAs [killed in action]. Joe Galloway was recognized with the Bronze Star with Valor when during November 1965, Battle of Ia Drang, he repeatedly disregarded his own safety to rescue wounded soldiers . General Knowles wanted to bring in the first-ever B-52 strike in tactical support of ground troops, and X-ray was inside the 35 kilometer box that was danger close to the rain of bombs that would fall on the near slopes of Chu Pong. He collaborated on the bestselling book about that battle called "We Were Soldiers Once. discharging a load of infantrymen on a search and destroy mission. The families of the fallen have suffered the most grievous wound of all. So I just moved on with my life and career. Hal, over to you. How those photographs made history is underscored throughout the new documentary series The Vietnam War, from Ken Burns and Lynn Novick. McNamara told LBJ that the enemy had not only met but exceeded our escalation. Many had that intense blaze of realization when a comrade was suddenly, violently, unexpectedly gone, and marveled at still being left intact. I had just returned from Albany myself, and I stood and told the general, Thats bullshit, sir, and you know it! The news conference dissolved in a chorus of angry shouting. Though just 24, Joe Galloway was no greenhorn when he hitched a chopper ride to the remote South Vietnamese countryside in November 1965 to check on reports of a hot battle. Sidney Lanier High School, Sp4 James Clark was not given any morphine by the medics. Sadly, they probably died quickly in the war. In November 1965, Galloway embedded with the 1st Calvary Division in the first major battle of the Vietnam War the battle of the Ia Drang. Lily Rothman is the History and Archives Editor for TIME. The captives were young children and old women and one woman is nursing her baby. Paul SchutzerThe Life Picture Collection/Getty Images. 121. He served four tours in Vietnam and became one of the most influential war reporters in U.S. history. My father didnt know that Jeremiah Purdie had enlisted in a segregated Marine Corps 18 years earlier, that cooking in the mess and polishing shoes were the limits placed on his service. "He loved the boys and girls of the U.S. military. Seven hundred miles north in Hanoi, President Ho Chi Minh and his lieutenants likewise carefully studied the results of the Ia Drang campaign. Pictures of Ia Drang Vets - The First Major Battle of Vietnam Ia Drang Veterans Bill Beck Bill Beck in Vietnam Bill Ross "I was with C Co, 1/7 Cav and attached to Bn Commo Center (Trojan 65) until Jan 66 when I returned to C Co as Commo Chief with Capt Cash CO until I returned to the states in Jul 66. As we made a run for it, the General grabbed me by the arm, and said, Tell your people that you have seen how the 18th division knows how to fight and die. For his extraordinary heroism and gallantry in action around Landing Zone X-Ray, Moore received the Distinguished Service Cross. Joining us would be the Day One crew, including anchor Forrest Sawyer and producer Terry Wrong. This image perfectly shows the seductive and corrupting influence of consumerism on the innocent civilians of Vietnam. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for We Are Soldiers Still: A Journey Back to the Battlefields of Vietnam at the best online prices at eBay! Some ate; some smoked; some fell asleep right there. General Westmoreland estimates that through 1966 North Vietnam will have the capability to expand its armed forces in order to infiltrate three regiments (nine battalion equivalents, or 4,500 men) a month, and that the VC in South Vietnam can train seven new battalion equivalents a monthtogether adding 16 battalion equivalents a month to the enemy forces. Nine regular North Vietnamese regiments (27 infantry battalions) have been infiltrated in the past year, joining the estimated 83 VC battalions in the South. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. Nobody offered any advice about going to war. We Were Soldiers Once.and Young: la Drang - The Battle That Changed the War in Vietnam is a 1992 book by Lt. Gen. Harold G. Moore (Ret.) With Karen Spears Zacharias HistoryNet.com is brought to you by HistoryNet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines. It Didnt End Well. Our goal was to win the war.. Crewmen tried to turn them back, but the helicopter lurched into the air with two soldiers hanging from the skids. An Interview with Army Correspondent Joe Galloway Joseph Galloway is a military correspondent and former columnist who frequently reported from war zones and is co-author of We were Soldiers Once and Young.. The title is WE ARE SOLDIERS STILL: A Journey Back to the Battlefields of Vietnam, and I think its a pretty good story, but he is sure working me hard. But Im fascinated by the photograph because of the man behind the camera: Yoichi Okamoto. In less time than it takes to tell, the panicked soldiers swarmed into the helicopter, which was to be our only way out. I feel its symbolic, but Im conflicted about it, knowing what I know. ======================= Russell Burrows, son of photographer Larry Burrows: The fraction of a second captured in most photographs is just that: a snapshot of a moment in time. We treated them for burns.". Joe Galloway was awarded the Bronze Star with V device for his service in the battle. I didnt think of Capa when I pressed the shutter, but I believe both images share an emotional impact because they involve children. By late summer, the 1st Cavalry was stationed in Vietnam's Central Highlands. 5. The young private had accidentally fallen victim to a friendly napalm blast and went up in flames. Find Joseph Galloway stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. What is We Were Soldiers about? Gilles Carons atypical vertical image of a face-to-face encounter exposes deep cultural divide and distrust. I got three frames off, and the moment was gone. The rest brought in ammunition, grenades, water and medical supplies, and took out the American wounded in scores of sorties. Tim Page. I know better now. The clearing was silent for now. Robert Pledge, co-founder of Contact Press Images: Who is the enemy here? I have got to get all this in one picture, I thought. You had tactics, and it takes very decisive tactics to win a strategic victory.If we could defeat your tacticsyour helicoptersthen we could defeat your strategy. Other locals and American military are nearby; the anxious glance of the child indicates as much. As the president walked into the room, he was holding McNamaras November 30 memo in his hand. He became a drunk, self-medicating, and was found from time to time passed out in his car in a ditch somewhere. Joseph Galloway, the legendary American war correspondent best known for his book-turned-Hollywood-blockbuster that chronicled a pivotal 1965 battle in Vietnam, died Wednesday morning, Aug. 18, of complications from a heart attack, The Washington Post reported. necessary inter-Service coordinations, and acted as the Army representative in tripartite Standards actions. In time the same patience and perseverance that had ground down the French colonial military would likewise grind down the Americans. I remember him telling the story of being lined up in the playground and being handed a Mars bar by a tall GI. The Americans trapped in the kill zone were on their own. the Ia Drang Valley. Bernice Schutzer Galef, widow of photographer Paul Schutzer: Paul got carried away with all the emotions that happen in war, and he was right in there with the soldiers in battles. In a message dated 1/15/2004 3:23:36 PM Pacific Standard Time, Subj: RE: Galloway never wore a uniform either It was almost a religious experience for me to record this extraordinary event. life and a North Vietnamese officer was pointing a pistol in my face. Each of us was terribly afraid that the other was going to be killed in the next minutes. I distinctly remember family talking about a returned soldier who came home damaged mentally.. I did not meet my Dad till late in 1945. exposure,+THROWING THE ROTORS INTO REVERSE as soon as we reached the clearing and braking in the air like a parachute popping open. A battalion of the U.S. 1st Air Cavalry Division was ambushed while marching from the jungle clearing where the Ia Drang Valley fighting started Nov. 14, 1965. General Knowles called a news conference late on the 18th in a tent at Holloway. Col. Hal Moore, a 43-year-old West Point graduate out of Bardstown, Ky., was given orders to airlift his 450-man 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, into the valley on a search-and-destroy mission. They were not. At the head of the column, McDade had no idea where most of his men were and was near-incoherent on the radio. you were, are and will remain the looniest twit to ever grace a shrinks office, if you had anything worth taking, I would sue you. The film in my Nikon had become stuck to the pressure plate from all the moisture. I used to believe that time would let those memories fade and allow me a measure of peace. I just thought the first guy I saw was what my uncles referred to as shell shocked. I shot a photo of him as he was walking toward the chopper and he was cursing everyone, me included. He was 79. I have had some journalists coming home from recent wars seek me out basically to ask me if I thought they were going crazy. Some had feared that the helicopters were too flimsy and fragile to fly into the hottest of landing zones. This was Philips first glimpse into the efforts of an American army trying to win over hearts and minds. When he got to Vietnam he instantly recognized the same tactic being used there. You have remained good friends with several journalists from your days in war zones. In 1998, Galloway was awarded the Bronze Star with V for Valor for rescuing wounded soldiers under fire at Ia Drang. But their tour was up in the summer of 1966, and all of them got up and went home, taking all they had learned in the hardest of schools with them. McNamara met with Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge in Saigon and then flew to the 1st Cavalry Division base camp at An Khe, where he was briefed by the Cav commander, Maj. Gen. Harry W.O. He also ordered all four company commanders to come forward to receive instructions on how he wanted them deployed around the perimeter of Albany. His face was on fire. 153 new photos; 616 job history records for people in our database; 192 education records for people in our database; 915 contact addresses, emails and URLs (LinkedIn, Facebook, etc.) In 2001 as the Vice President of Security for Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, he lost his life supervising the evacuation of the World Trade Center Tower 2. His legs were paralyzed and VA got him a car with hand controls. I notice that as the years dwindle down to a precious few I weep a lot more often as the memories cross my mind. Joe Galloway takes a hard look at the assessments of Ia Drang by the war's architects in Washington, Saigon and Hanoi: McNamara, Westmoreland, Ho and Giap, https://www.historynet.com/ia-drang-where-battlefield-losses-convinced-ho-giap-and-mcnamara-the-u-s-could-never-win/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, How Operation Homecoming Was Sprung into Action to Repatriate American POWs. A very angry PAVN battalion was right behind them. Where you aware at the time that person was suffering from PTSD or was that something that only came to you in hindsight? +When did it dawn on you that you yourself might be suffering from PTSD? The Marine Corps chief of information took notes and called me later to tell me that the. There is no way to avoid it. Hal G. Moore, Bruce Crandall and Jon Mills went in to an officers bar, they were told to leave by, Hal G. Moore was wearing his web gear, grenades,ammo, M-16 rifle, Bruce Crandall and Jon, Hal G. Moore laying his M-16 on the bar, tells the manager if he did not serve them he would, Bruce Crandall and Jon mills, take their pistols out of their holsters, and place them on the, This by this act alone Bruce Crandall and Jon mills, by taking their pistols out of their holsters, (a) Any person subject to this chapter who attempts or offers with unlawful force or violence to, do bodily harm to another person, whether or not the attempt or offer is consummated, is. Back in Saigon, General Westmoreland and MACV G-3, Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations General William DePuy, were studying the statistics of the Ia Drang battles. Fred Ritchin, Dean Emeritus of the School at ICP: There is something both surreal and strikingly sad in this photograph by Catherine Leroy. Tell them that they will get better, and help them get there. War Zone C Ambush of the 173rd Airborne, 1965. Joe Galloway has PTSD? I helped putting the fire out and I just gave him some saline solution. When you were a young journalist heading off to Vietnam, did you have any fears? Based on the book We Were Soldiers Once and Young (1992) by Lieutenant General (Ret.) Are there not always two sides to a coin? With that, the United States ceded the strategic initiative for much of the rest of the war to General Giap. Feb 2, 2019 - Explore Larry Hellie's board "Vietnam Ia Drang Valley", followed by 186 people on Pinterest. In November 1965 . Leroy went from France to Vietnam in 1966 at the age of 21, with a single camera, no assignments and $150 in her pocket; she would stay until 1968. We settled down in Tokyo, my next assignment. I was so eager to get to Vietnam before the war ended that my only real fear was that the first. it was seasonal depression until in 1986 or 87 when I attended my first reunion of my old 1st Cavalry Division buddies. At the same time that Hello Dolly opened at Nha Trang airbase, a company of 173rd Airborne had walked into an ambush in Viet Cong base zone, known as the Iron Triangle. I arrived from Miami on the press plane that accompanied the candidate. 10 kilowatt generator off it pad on an airbase. Select from premium Joseph Galloway of the highest quality. Galloway was decorated with a Bronze Star Medal with V in 1998 for rescuing wounded soldiers under fire during the la Drang battle. In fact, there were three North Vietnamese Army regiments within an easy walk of that clearing, or the equivalent of a division of very good light infantry soldiers. That changed when the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment landed in Vietnam's Northern . Joe Galloway, legendary war correspondent and the only the only civilian to receive the Bronze Star Medal with V for heroism in Vietnam, has died at 79 pic.twitter.com/58rLxyc6dj XVIII Airborne Corps (@18airbornecorps) August 18, 2021 FICTION: "I dont know what got into me, but I ran into the fire. All through that endless night, the PAVN troops combed through the elephant grass searching for their own wounded, and finishing off any wounded Americans they came across. There should be no employer penalty or refusal to hire those who have suffered from PTSD. The Battle of Ia Drang In November 1965, then Lt. Col. Moore commanded the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), on an air assault mission to secure the Ia. To honor that commitment, "10%" of the purchase price of every Joe. so much in the Ia Drang, a permanent scholarship fund was established for the children and grandchildren of. Knowlen sent out three platoon-sized ambush patrols. He covered the 1st Cavalry Division's Battle of the Ia Drang Valley in 1965. Following retirement from active duty in 1977, he worked as the Executive Vice President of the Crested Butte Mountain Resort in Colorado. The photograph that ran in LIFE in late October 1966 of Gunnery Sergeant Jeremiah Purdie, bleeding and bandaged, helped down a muddy hill by fellow marines, didnt really need a caption. He carried the child as if it were his own, wrapped into a poncho, because it was quite cold. How has your own PTSD affected you? It was followed by a barrage of incoming automatic weapon and artillery rounds. There were no Americans captured and only four North Vietnamese prisoners takenall at X-ray and none at Albany. It is not often you see enemies cradling each other. they were young and brave ltg hal moore s return to ia drang valley 1993. The other is to stick with our stated objectives and with the war, and provide what it takes in men and materiel. The Fog of War: The Vietnamese View o The UH-1B Huey helicopters buzzed around the rugged area like so many bees, landing American troops among the North Vietnamese, forcing them to split up into ever-smaller groups like coveys of quail pressed hard by the hunters. National Archives - The Battle of Ia Drang Valley - National Security Council. We had a strategy of peoples war. Galloway died Wednesday morning, his wife, Grace Galloway, told The Associated Press, after being hospitalized near their home in Concord, North Carolina. Despite his wounds, Cole continued to attend the injured in Vietnams central highlands in January, 1966. He was instantly suspicious. Understand what has brought them to that point. This sprang from a soldierly admiration for their dedication and bravery qualities difficult to discern in the average government soldier. Even in the eyes of the wars chief architect. Larry Burrows The Life Picture Collection. 4.4 of 5 stars. Released prisoner of war Lt. Col. Robert L. Stirm is greeted by his family at Travis Air Force Base in Fairfield, Calif. As tens of thousands of anti-war protestors rioted in Chicago during the 1968 Democratic National Convention, President Johnson and his family watched from the bedroom at his ranch in Stonewall, Texas. They arrived in the nick of time as the next PAVN assault began. It was windy. The series features a wide range of war images, both famous and forgotten. Then, said An, the fight would be man-to-man and much better odds. Evaluation. Mostly, I remember carrying a badly wounded grunt whose leg came off and he almost bled out. Did anyone, a mentor or a family member, give you any advice about adjusting to a war zone? Cole, himself wounded, peered beneath his bandaged eye to treat the wounds of a fallen Marine. The weary Americans, who had had little or no sleep for the last three days and nights, had slumped to the ground where they had stopped. I could see his finger tightening on the trigger. Raymond DepardonMagnum. (AP Photo) At Jeremiah Purdies packed funeral, there wasnt a man or a woman with a story to tell that didnt mention how, in some way, he had reached out. We tore back to a landing zone that we had arrived at less than an hour later. FICTION: NEIL SHEEHAN the Huey Plummeted, and the pilots dashed in over the trees to minimize. Military options and recommendations. They were confident they would eventually win the war. We were ALL a bit crazy at that time of year and for good reason. Tania Sochurek, widow of photographer Howard Sochurek: The conflict in Vietnam spanned almost 20 years. I was very young. When my book about the war, We Were Soldiers Onceand Young, came out in 1992, Vince Cantu was driving a city bus in Houston. The caption provides pertinent information about the circumstance: the who, what and where. The 1st Cavalrys big Chinook helicopters lifted batteries of 105mm howitzers, leap-frogging along within range of the dirt road that led to Plei Me. Pete Souza, former White House photographer for Presidents Reagan and Obama: This is truly an incredibly intimate picture. Despite these numbers, senior American officials in Saigon declared the Battle of the Ia Drang Valley a great victory. Article written by Joe Lee Galloway, the time Bruce Crandall was caught trying to sling load a. When the ambush was sprung at Albany, an intelligence sergeant shot and killed the two North Vietnamese prisoners with a .45-caliber pistol. but you dont. Photo by war journalist Joseph L. Galloway. The battles of Ia Drang in November 1965, although costly to him in raw numbers of men, reinforced his confidence. The sketchy American intelligence Moore was provided said the area was home base for possibly a regiment of the enemy. A few years later on that fateful day in 1972 on the Trang Bang road, my brothers goal was accomplished. The Americans blew their claymore mines and emptied a magazine each from their M-16 rifles into the confused North Vietnamese and then took off, running like hell straight back to the patrol base. The Ia Drang River Campaign of early November is an example. The war correspondent Joe Galloway, who has died aged 79, just as the Afghanistan conflict of 20 years has reached its chaotic end, predicted such a finish long before. russell: Dao wisely called an end to his press tour. It was a 34-mile roundtrip. This photo was only one of several Huet made of Cole that were published on the cover and inside pages of LIFE magazine. As a 24-year-old UPI correspondent, Galloway was at the first major battle of the Vietnam War. However, we noted with more than a little trepidation that none of them were budging from their holes as Dao led us down the dusty street. We arent allowed to forget; we arent supposed to forget. It was too much. Nixon left the plane. As McDades battalion neared the Albany clearing, it was halted, strung out along 550 yards of narrow trail hemmed in by much thicker triple canopy jungle. Kinnard, and by Colonel Moore. There are submarines, there are mini-submarines, and then there are human torpedoes. When Hal Moore took the first lift of 16 Hueysall that he was given for this maneuverinto the landing zone he had chosen in the Ia Drang, he was painfully aware that he was on the ground with only 90 men, and that they would be there alone for half an hour or longer while the choppers returned to Plei Me Camp, picked up waiting troops and made the return flight. 'On the worst day of my life, in the bloodiest battle of the war, on November 15 1965, in Landing Zone XRay in the Ia Drang Valley, we were surrounded by North Vietnamese regulars determined to. The shot was made one-handed as we carried him out of the fire cone. Free shipping. What was his next act, and what happened after he returned from Vietnam? His cheerful attitude,tireless applications and devotion to duty were directly responsible for the successful. Why were these uniformed men just giving them away? We Were Soldiers is a 2002 American war film written and directed by Randall Wallace and starring Mel Gibson. Paul received many letters saying thank you for what you showed us.. This image of the sheltering soldier is particularly compelling to me for what I dont know. I thought I was bulletproof, invincible, as young men often do before they see the elephant. I usually knew the unit but looking back now, so much I wish I had noted was simply never written down. Which became We Were Soldiers Once and Young. Vince Cantu and I went through school together right to graduation with the Refugio High School Class of 1959 a total of 55 of us. It recognizes his heroism on Nov. 15, 1965, during the Battle of. An Associated Press photographer, Rick Merron, and a Vietnamese TV network cameraman, Vo Nguyen, had finagled a ride on a helicopter going into Albany on the morning of November 18. Pentagon was going to act on my idea. JG. General Giap also learned one very important lesson. A class of prime youth shredded in seconds. Collections; . They were immediately surrounded by 2,000 North Vietnamese soldiers. I consider myself one of you, Joe Lee Galloway told the Soldiers in the audience. Then his men took a prisoner, a North Vietnamese private who was quaking so hard he could barely speak. My first memories are of houses full of frightened women looking out the window for the telegraph delivery man. Joe Lee Galloway a Reporter who did not have to go to Vietnam has PTSD?! An empty helmet is its owner still alive? Karen Spears Zacharias, a Gold Star daughter, lost her father, Staff Sgt. Carry The Challenge Article Photograph taken by Joe Galloway during the Battle of Ia Drang, November 15, 1965. We were glad to get it over with. A new PAVN regiment, the 66th, was just arriving in the Ia Drang in early November when its troops walked into perhaps the most audacious ambush of the Vietnam War. Joe Lee Galloway, a civilian Reporter, When I first went to war., By using this form you agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. During WWII Italian Commandos Were Tasked to Ride Torpedoes. After a series of studio interviews in New York, a number of Ia Drang veterans were chosen to make the trip to Vietnam with me and Joe Galloway. we were soldiers once and young ia drang valley 1965. we were soldiers once and young ia drang. The turban drive shaft, have S shaped BEARINGS, that prevent the shaft going into reverse. The Recon Platoon had captured two North Vietnamese soldiers. Screw it. only a couple bottles of blue pills which you need, Joe Lee Galloway I had read Ernie Pyles columns and his collected work and I thought if a war comes Joe Galloway, Special to the Opelika-Auburn News Nov 14, 2010 0 1 of 2 Pictured is the first prisoner of war captured at Landing Zone Xray on Nov. 14, 1965. Purdie, wounded for the third time in the war, was about to be flown to a hospital ship off the Vietnamese coast and leave that country for his last time. The North Vietnamese swiftly deployed along the left side of the column and prepared to attack. I was lucky to get a break. It is photographed as if forming the center of a broken compass, one without arms, pointing nowhere. All they need is some counselling and some understanding. Dao called in a helicopter to evacuate us, but suddenly, the ARVN troops who had been seated alongside the road broke and ran for the incoming helos. 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Widow of photographer Howard Sochurek: the conflict in Vietnam & # x27 ; s Highlands., was a military stalemate at a much higher level of violence written and directed by Randall Wallace starring! Caught trying to win over hearts and minds ( Ret. his press tour would achieve was joe galloway photos of ia drang bonafide commander...
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